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Five Civilized Tribes Map
The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five American
Indian (aka Native American) nations: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. They were considered civilized
by white society because they had adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors.
| Map of the Five Civilized Tribes |
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| Oklahoma and Indian Territories, 1890s |
Oklahoma Territory was an organized territory of the United States from May
2, 1890, until November 16, 1907, when Oklahoma became the
46th state. It consisted of the western area of what is now the State of Oklahoma.
The eastern area consisted of the last remnant of Indian Territory. The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States for the use of Native Americans. The general
borders were set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834. The Indian Territory was gradually reduced to what is now Oklahoma; then, with the organization of Oklahoma
Territory in 1890, to just the eastern half of the area. The citizens
of Indian Territory tried, in 1905, to gain admission to the union as the State of Sequoyah,
but were rebuffed by Congress and Administration who did not want two new Western states, Sequoyah and Oklahoma. Citizens then joined to seek admission of a single state to the Union.
With Oklahoma statehood in November 1907, Indian Territory
was extinguished. Many Native Americans continue to live in Oklahoma, especially in the eastern part.
| Map of Southeastern Native American Indians |
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| Five Civilized Tribes Map |
Land occupied by Southeastern Tribes, 1820s.
(Adapted from Sam Bowers Hilliard, "Indian Land Cessions" [detail], Map
Supplement 16, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 62, no. 2 [June 1972].)
Key:
1. Seminole
2. Creek
3. Choctaw
4. Chickasaw
5. Cherokee
6.
Quapaw
7. Osage
8. Illinois Confederation
Recommended Reading: Atlas of the North American Indian. Description:
This unique resource covers the entire history, culture, tribal locations, languages, and lifeways of Native American groups
across the United States, Canada, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Thoroughly updated, Atlas of the North American
Indian combines clear and informative text with newly drawn maps to provide the most up-to-date political and cultural developments
in Indian affairs, as well as the latest archaeological research findings on prehistoric peoples. The new edition features
several revised and updated sections, such as "Self-Determination," "The Federal and Indian Trust Relationship and the Reservation
System," "Urban Indians," "Indian Social Conditions," and "Indian Cultural Renewal." Continued below...
Other updated information includes: a revised section on Canada, including Nunavut, the first new Canadian
territory created since 1949, with a population that is 85% Inuit; the latest statistics and new federal laws on tribal enterprises,
including a new section on "Indian Gaming"; and current information on preferred names now in use by certain tribes and groups,
such as the use of "Inuit" rather than "Eskimo."
Recommended
Viewing: 500 Nations
(372 minutes). Description: 500 Nations is an eight-part documentary (more than 6 hours and that's not including its interactive CD-ROM
filled with extra features) that explores the history of the indigenous peoples of North and Central America, from pre-Colombian
times through the period of European contact and colonization, to the end of the 19th century and the subjugation of the Plains
Indians of North America. 500 Nations utilizes historical texts, eyewitness
accounts, pictorial sources and computer graphic reconstructions to explore the magnificent civilizations which flourished
prior to contact with Western civilization, and to tell the dramatic and tragic story of the Native American nations' desperate
attempts to retain their way of life against overwhelming odds. Continued below...
Mention the
word "Indian," and most will conjure up images inspired by myths and movies: teepees, headdresses, and war paint; Sitting
Bull, Geronimo, Crazy Horse, and their battles (like Little Big Horn) with the U.S. Cavalry. Those stories of the so-called
"horse nations" of the Great
Plains are all here, but so is a great deal more. Using impressive computer imaging, photos, location film footage
and breathtaking cinematography, interviews with present-day Indians, books and manuscripts, museum artifacts, and more, Leustig
and his crew go back more than a millennium to present an fascinating account of Indians, including those (like the Maya and
Aztecs in Mexico and the Anasazi in the Southwest) who were here long before white men ever reached these shores.
It was
the arrival of Europeans like Columbus, Cortez, and DeSoto that marked the beginning of the end for the Indians. Considering
the participation of host Kevin Costner, whose film Dances with Wolves was highly sympathetic to the Indians, it's no bulletin
that 500 Nations also takes a compassionate view of the multitude of calamities--from alcohol and disease to the corruption
of their culture and the depletion of their vast natural resources--visited on them by the white man in his quest for land
and money, eventually leading to such horrific events as the Trail of Tears "forced march," the massacre at Wounded Knee,
and other consequences of the effort to "relocate" Indians to the reservations where many of them still live. Along the way,
we learn about the Indians' participation in such events as the American Revolution and the War of 1812, as well as popular
legends like the first Thanksgiving (it really happened) and the rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas (it probably didn't).
Recommended Reading: 1491: New Revelations of the Americas
Before Columbus. Description: 1491 is not so much the story of a year, as of what that year stands for: the long-debated
(and often-dismissed) question of what human civilization in the Americas
was like before the Europeans crashed the party. The history books most Americans were (and still are) raised on describe
the continents before Columbus as a vast, underused territory,
sparsely populated by primitives whose cultures would inevitably bow before the advanced technologies of the Europeans. For
decades, though, among the archaeologists, anthropologists, paleolinguists, and others whose discoveries Charles C. Mann brings
together in 1491, different stories have been emerging. Among the revelations: the first Americans may not have come over
the Bering land bridge around 12,000 B.C. but by boat along the Pacific coast 10 or even 20 thousand years earlier; the Americas
were a far more urban, more populated, and more technologically advanced region than generally assumed; and the Indians, rather
than living in static harmony with nature, radically engineered the landscape across the continents, to the point that even
"timeless" natural features like the Amazon rainforest can be seen as products of human intervention. Continued below...
Mann is well aware that much of the history he relates is necessarily speculative, the product of pot-shard
interpretation and precise scientific measurements that often end up being radically revised in later decades. But the most
compelling of his eye-opening revisionist stories are among the best-founded: the stories of early American-European contact.
To many of those who were there, the earliest encounters felt more like a meeting of equals than one of natural domination.
And those who came later and found an emptied landscape that seemed ripe for the taking, Mann argues convincingly, encountered
not the natural and unchanging state of the native American, but the evidence of a sudden calamity: the ravages of what was
likely the greatest epidemic in human history, the smallpox and other diseases introduced inadvertently by Europeans to a
population without immunity, which swept through the Americas faster than the explorers who brought it, and left behind for
their discovery a land that held only a shadow of the thriving cultures that it had sustained for centuries before. Includes
outstanding photos and maps.
Recommended Reading: Nations
Remembered: An Oral History of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1865-1907 (Contributions in Ethnic Studies) (Hardcover). Description:
This work offers a view of Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole life rarely glimpsed by the scholar or general
public.... An impeccably researched and readable document that will appeal to specialist and generalist alike.
Recommended Reading: The
Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole (Civilization of the American Indian) (455 pages)
(University of Oklahoma Press). Description: Fascinating and captivating study of the often referred to Five
Civilized Tribes, with each tribe's: evolution, struggles, Indian removal, treaties, internal and external strife, and outlook...numerous
maps and photographs compliment this research.Continued below...
By focusing on all 'Five Tribes' it also presents a better understanding of how the tribes interrelated
in the Indian Territory (most of present-day Oklahoma). While most authors only focus on "a tribe"
rather than "the tribes," Foreman, by interconnecting the tribes, conveys a more comprehensive understanding of the Five Nations.
Try the Search Engine for Related Studies: Map of The Five Civilized Tribes, History, Location,
List of the Five Civilized Tribes, Cherokee Photo, Chickasaw Picture, Choctaw Pictures, Creek Photograph, and Seminole
Photographs, Photos Native American Indians, Nations, Maps, Facts.
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